Something that comes to mind would be to use the “change” event. You could then determine if the value is outside your limits and react accordingly. I’m not sure how to control the step though without creating a custom component.
That is, I might create my own custom text component, with up/down arrows, and then I’d have control over everything.
Perhaps this post might help as it contains a clone with Anvil-native up/down arrows on a text box.
There may be a JS way of handling this but I have not looked into it.